Analysis of Fiʻl Muḍāri’ with Past Meaning in Surah al-Baqarah According to Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ

Abstract

Fi'il mudāri' is one of three sentences found in Arabic, namely isim, fi'il and letters sentences. Fi'il mudāri' is a Lafaẓ which allows the content of two ages, namely hāl and istiqbāl. However, in the Qur'an, the content of mudāri's era is not always in line with the rules of the Arabic language. Sometimes mudāri' has other eras besides the two eras he has, such as the zaman māḍi. Of the many tafsir books that study the rules of the Arabic language, al-Baḥr al-Muḥiṭ's tafsir is deemed appropriate to be used as a reference in the discussion of this research, because the content of the discussion is considered complete both from the language study aspect and the meaning study aspect. This research uses library research using the maudu'i method. In identifying the grammar of the language found in the fi'il mudāri' era that was used by the mufasir in his interpretation of al-Baḥr al-Muḥiṭ, the author will use the naḥwu and balāgah science approaches in researching it. This aims to analyze the rules for using the Māḍi era in fi'il mudāri' used by Abu Hayyan in his interpretation of Al-Baḥr al-Muḥiṭ. The author will also briefly review whether there are any possible reasons behind Abu Hayyan's interpretation. Apart from that, the author also analyzes the meaning contained in the use of zaman māḍi in fi'il mudāri'. From the results of this research, the author found a fairly fair interpretation. Mufassir, who was an expert in the science of naḥwu, showed tendencies towards certain ideologies, but without winning over either side. The interpretation is carried out by discussing the verses one by one, analyzing them with the naḥwu arguments, providing rebuttals to certain arguments, and also not forgetting to include other verses and hadiths of the Prophet as interpretation.